When it comes to aviation safety, the FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) leaves no room for compromise, especially in matters of health. If you are a commercial pilot, private pilot, or air traffic controller, then passing your FAA medical exam is essential. However, some disqualifying medical conditions can keep you from being certified to fly or control aircraft.
From your first Air Traffic Controller Medical Exam in Florida to renewing your certification, it’s crucial to know what to expect about disqualifying conditions. It can assist you in getting ready, how to manage health, and even documentation for further FAA Special Issuance.
In this guide, we’ll review the top 10 disqualifying medical conditions for FAA medical certification and what to do if you have one.
1. Epilepsy or Seizure Disorders
The FAA has classified epilepsy as a high risk due to the potential for a sudden onset of unconsciousness or lack of control. A history of seizures after age 5 is generally disqualifying unless the person has been seizure-free without use of medications for several years. Some may be eligible for a Special Issuance after an extensive neurological evaluation.
2. Psychosis
Psychotic disorders (such as schizophrenia or delusional disorder) are other disqualifying conditions. These effects impair those perceptual and judgment and decision-making skills which are vital for safe flight. Even if symptoms are controlled, certification is highly unlikely without an extensive FAA psychological assessment.
3. Bipolar Disorder
Mood instability poses significant safety concerns in high-stress environments such as aviation. Bipolar disorder is generally considered disqualifying except when an applicant exhibits long-term stability along with comprehensive treatment (Special Issuance may be considered).
4. Substance Abuse or Dependence
Drug and alcohol abuse is not tolerated by the FAA. A recent history of substance abuse or dependence is an automatic disqualifier. However, recovering addicts who complete treatment and are monitored can be recertified once they’ve achieved a period of sobriety.
5. Severe Personality Disorders
The FAA does not consider candidates with personality disorders that contribute to “a clinically significant disturbance in behavior, judgment, or mood.” These include, but are not limited to, severe anxiety, OCD (Obsessive Compulsive Disorder), particularly if these interfere with responsibilities or safety.
6. Cardiovascular Conditions (Heart Attacks, Arrhythmias, Valve Replacements)
Cardiovascular health is a key issue in aviation. Conditions include:
- Myocardial infarction (heart attack)
- Coronary artery disease
- Arrhythmias
- Cardiac valve replacement
…can all disqualify a pilot or controller. However, many cardiovascular issues are eligible for Special Issuance if the applicant undergoes cardiac testing and shows stable results.
7. Diabetes Requiring Insulin or Oral Hypoglycemic Drugs
Historically, insulin-treated diabetes was an automatic exclusion. But thanks to updated FAA guidelines, pilots and controllers may now qualify for medical certification under Special Issuance if they demonstrate stable blood sugar control and no recent complications.
8. Neurological Disorders (Stroke, Parkinson’s, MS)
Neurological conditions can affect motor function, cognition, and response time—all essential skills for aviation professionals. Diseases such as Parkinson’s, multiple sclerosis (M.S.), or stroke are frequently disqualifying. However, applicants with mild or well-controlled symptoms could be eligible for limited certification after extensive testing.
9. Vision Problems Not Correctable to Standard
Glasses or contact lenses are fine, but some vision problems are beyond the pale — think severe cataracts, glaucoma, or a color vision deficiency that doesn’t meet FAA standards. Refractive surgery (like LASIK) is permitted, but it must comply with FAA post-op requirements.
10. Hearing Loss
Communication is paramount in flying. If you cannot pass the FAA standards of hearing for both ears through normal conversation, a voice, or special testing, you can be disqualified. On the other hand, hearing aids and other equipment can, under certain circumstances, enable applicants to pass the standard.
Can You Still Be a Pilot If You Have a Disqualifying Condition?
Yes — FAA Special Issuance medical certification is usually available. The process allows applicants with medically disqualifying conditions to fly as long as they are able to prove that they remain stable and are controlling their condition.
To begin with, it is advisable to hire FAA Aviation Medical Examiners in Florida, who will walk you through the documents, assessments, and reports required. They understand what the locals want and how best to represent your case before the FAA.
How to Improve Your Chances
These are some best practices that will help you go through the FAA medical certification process with a preexisting condition:
- Go to a certified AME, preferably one familiar with your specific condition.
- Keep clear medical records. Consistent documentation is key.
- Complying with treatment plans demonstrates responsibility and stability.
- Educate yourself on FAA policies, as these evolve often and could benefit your case.
Your FAA Medical Certification Partner in Florida
Medical disqualifications don’t necessarily have to mean a career-ending decision in aviation. Many pilots and ATCs continue flying with FAA Special Issuance certification. An experienced ATC Medical Examiner in Florida can guide you through the process with confidence.
For expert guidance, contact Dr.Weinberg at Aviation Medicine—a trusted FAA AME known for thorough evaluations and support. Contact us at (727) 648-2402 or email aweinberg@medavex.org to get started.